The evolution of bits and bottlenecks in a scientific workflow trying to keep up with technology: Accelerating 4D image segmentation applied to nasa data

In 2016, a team of earth scientists directly engaged a team of computer scientists to identify cyberinfrastructure (CI) approaches that would speed up an earth science workflow. This paper describes the evolution of that workflow as the two teams bridged CI and an image segmentation algorithm to do large scale earth science research. The Pacific Research Platform (PRP) and The Cognitive Hardware and Software Ecosystem Community Infrastructure (CHASE-CI) resources were used to significantly decreased the earth science workflow's wall-clock time from 19.5 days to 53 minutes. The improvement in wall-clock time comes from the use of network appliances, improved image segmentation, deployment of a containerized workflow, and the increase in CI experience and training for the earth scientists. This paper presents a description of the evolving innovations used to improve the workflow, bottlenecks identified within each workflow version, and improvements made within each version of the workflow, over a three-year time period

Artificial ionospheric layers driven by high-frequency radiowaves : an assessment

High-power ordinary mode radio waves produce artificial ionization in the F-region ionosphere at the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT at Tromsø, Norway) and High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP at Gakona, Alaska, USA) facilities. We have summarized the features of the excited plasma turbulence and descending layers of freshly-ionized (“artificial”) plasma. The concept of an ionizing wavefront created by accelerated suprathermal electrons appears to be in accordance with the data. The strong Langmuir turbulence (SLT) regime is revealed by the specific spectral features of incoherent radar backscatter and stimulated electromagnetic emissions. Theory predicts that the SLT acceleration is facilitated in the presence of photoelectrons. This agrees with the intensified artificial plasma production and the greater speeds of descent but weaker incoherent radar backscatter in the sunlit ionosphere. Numerical investigation of propagation of O-mode waves and the development of SLT and descending layers have been performed. The greater extent of the SLT region at the magnetic zenith than at vertical appears to make magnetic zenith injections more efficient for electron acceleration and descending layers. At high powers, anomalous absorption is suppressed, leading to the Langmuir and upper hybrid processes during the whole heater-on period. The data suggest that parametric UH interactions mitigate anomalous absorption at heating frequencies far from electron gyroharmonics and also generate SLT in the upper hybrid layer. The persistence of artificial plasma at the terminal altitude depends on how close the heating frequency is to the local gyroharmonic

A clinical case of restoration of the destroyed crown part of the tooth complicated by changes in the bifurcation area

The destruction of the tooth crown should be regarded as the cause leading over time to the disruption of the morphofunctional unity of the dentition and pathological condition of the entire dentoalveolar system. Untimely treatment of defects of hard tooth tissues leads to functional disorganization of the dentoalveolar system. The most eliminated defects are those of crowns of teeth determining the quality of aesthetics, phonetics, functions of biting and chewing. The destruction of the tooth crowns, which do not cause significant disruption of the above functions, are painless and almost asymptomatic. In such cases, deformation of the dentition and occlusion, dysfunction of masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints as well as the development of pathological changes in periodontium occur slowly. Of great importance are the early diagnosis of pathological reconstruction of dentoalveolar system and the knowledge of pathogenesis of possible complications after the extraction of the teeth that determine the indications for prophylactic orthopedic dental treatment. The article presents a clinical case of restoration of destructed tooth crown 3.6 complicated by changes in bifurcation area. The patient underwent coronary-radicular separation with the use of cast metal cores, which allowed restoration of the sufficient size of the stump, function and anatomical shape of the tooth and hence the unity of dental arch

Fingering Instability of Dislocations and Related Defects

We identify a fundamental morphological instability of mobile dislocations in crystals and related line defects. A positive gradient in the local driving force along the direction of defect motion destabilizes long-wavelength vibrational modes, producing a ``fingering'' pattern. The minimum unstable wavelength scales as the inverse square root of the force gradient. We demonstrate the instability's onset in simulations of a screw dislocation in Al (via molecular dynamics) and of a vortex in a 3-d XY ``rotator'' model.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Comparative Analysis of the Dynamical Spectra of a Polarization of an Active Medium and an Electromagnetic Field in the Superradiant Heterolasers

The complicated pulsed generation regimes of a CW-pumped superradiant semiconductor laser are analyzed via the dynamical spectra of the dipole optical oscillations of active centers. This novel approach appears to be more informative than the standard analysis of the dynamical spectra of laser emission if a dipole relaxation rate is less than a cavity relaxation rate. The advantages of the method are demonstrated for a number of superradiant lasing regimes on the basis of the numerical solution to 1D Maxwell–Bloch equations for a two-level active medium in a low-Q cavity within one-dimensional approximation